The potentiometer- Comparison of emf, Educational Scientific Instruments, Laboratory Glassware instruments.

To measure the internal resistance of a given primary cell using potentiometer.

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To measure the internal resistance of a given primary cell using potentiometer.

The Potentiometer-Internal resistance of a cell:

Theory

Potentiometer

Potentiometer is a device used to measure the internal resistance of a cell, to compare the e.m.f. of two cells and potential difference across a resistor. It consists of a long wire of uniform cross sectional area and of 10 m in length. The material of wire should have a high resistivity and low temperature coefficient. The wires are stretched parallel to each other on a wooden board. The wires are joined in series by using thick copper strips. A metre scale is also attached on the wooden board.

It works on the principle that when a constant current flows through a wire of uniform cross sectional area, potential difference between its two points is directly proportional to the length of the wire between the two points.

Relation between e.m.f., potential difference, and internal resistance of a cell

If a cell of emf E and internal resistance r, connected to an external resistance R, then the circuit has the total resistance (R+r). The current I in the circuit is given by,

$\small I=\frac{E}{R+r}$ or $\small E=I(R+r)$

Hence, $\small V=IR = E-Ir$

This means, V is less than E by an amount equal to the fall of potential inside the cell due to its internal resistance.

From the above equation,

$\small \frac{r}{R}=\frac{E=V}{V}$

Or; The internal resistance of the cell,

$\small r=R\frac{E-V}{V}$

Using a potentiometer, we can adjust the rheostat to obtain the balancing lengths l₁ and l₂ of the potentiometer for open and closed circuits respectively.

Then, E= k l₁ and V = k l₂ ; where k is the potential gradient along the wire.

Now we can modify the equation for getting the internal resistance of the given cell, by using the above relations as;

$\small r=R\frac{(l_1-l_2)}{l_2}$

Learning Outcomes

Students get the idea of potentiometer apparatus and its parts.
Students are able to construct circuits based on circuit diagrams.
Students understand the different component used in the experiment.

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Experiment

Materials Required:

Potentiometer
Battery eliminator
Two one way keys
Rheostat of low resistance
Galvanometer
Two resistance boxes
Leclanche cell
Jockey
Ammeter
Connecting wires

Real lab Procedure

Arrange the required materials on a table and make the connections as per the connection diagram.
Tight the plugs of the resistance box.
To test the connection, insert the key k₁ and note the ammeter reading. Introduce a sufficiently high resistance on the resistance box (H.R). Place the jockey at the two end points of the wire. If the galvanometer shows opposite deflection, then the connections are correct.
Without inserting the key k₂, slide the jockey along the potentiometer wire and stops when null point is obtained.
Measure the balancing length l₁ between this point and the end P of the potentiometer.
Now, introduce plugs in keys k₁ and k₂. Take out a small resistance from the resistance box R connected in parallel with the cell.
Again slide the jockey along the potentiometer wire to obtain the null point. Measure the new balancing length l₂ based on this point.
Reduce the value of R successively and in each time, measure the balancing length.
Keep the reading on the ammeter constant throughout the observation.

Simulator Procedure (as performed through the)

Select the primary cell form the drop down list.
Select the rheostat resistance using the slider.
To see the circuit diagram, click on the ‘Show circuit diagram’ check box seen inside the simulator window.
Connections can be made as seen in the circuit diagram by clicking and dragging the mouse form one connecting terminal to the other connecting terminal of the devices to be connected.
Once all connections are made, click and drag the key 1 to insert it into the switch.
The ammeter shows a deflection.
To check whether the connections are correct or not, drag the jockey and place it at the two end points of the wire. If the galvanometer shows opposite deflections, the connections are correct.
To obtain the null point slide the jockey along the potentiometer wire.
You can see the first balancing length in the popup.
Select the desired shunt resistance from the resistance box.
Click and drag the key 2 to insert it into the switch.
Again slide the jockey along the potentiometer wire to obtain the null point.
You can see the second balancing length in the popup.
You can calculate the internal resistance for each set of balancing lengths.
To verify your result click on the ‘Show result’ check box.
To redo the experiment, click on the ‘Reset’ button.

Observations:

Ammeter reading = ……..A

Sl.No.	Resistance, R $small left ( Omega ight )$	Position of null point (cm)		Internal resistance $small r=Rfrac{(l_1-l_2)}{l_2}left ( ight )$ $small left ( Omega ight )$
		Without shunt R, l₁ (cm)	With shunt R, l₂ (cm)
1
2
3
4
5

Calculations

Calculate the value of r for each set of l₁ and l₂. The mean of the calculated values gives the internal resistance (r) of the given cell.

Result:

The internal resistance of the given primary cell, r = ..……….. Ω.

To measure the internal resistance of a given primary cell using potentiometer.

To measure the internal resistance of a given primary cell using potentiometer.

The Potentiometer-Internal resistance of a cell:

Theory

Potentiometer

Learning Outcomes

Reviews

Be the first to review “To measure the internal resistance of a given primary cell using potentiometer.” Откажи одговор

Experiment

Materials Required:

Real lab Procedure

Simulator Procedure (as performed through the)

Observations:

Calculations

Result:

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To measure the internal resistance of a given primary cell using potentiometer.

To measure the internal resistance of a given primary cell using potentiometer.

The Potentiometer-Internal resistance of a cell:

Theory

Potentiometer

Learning Outcomes

Reviews

Be the first to review “To measure the internal resistance of a given primary cell using potentiometer.” Откажи одговор

Experiment

Materials Required:

Real lab Procedure

Simulator Procedure (as performed through the)

Observations:

Calculations

Result:

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